pénzmennyiséget

Pénzmennyiség refers to the total amount of money circulating within an economy at a specific point in time. This concept is central to monetary economics and is closely monitored by central banks and financial institutions. The money supply encompasses various forms of money, including physical currency like banknotes and coins, as well as different types of deposits held by individuals and businesses in banks.

Economists often categorize the money supply into different measures, commonly denoted as M0, M1, M2, M3, and so on. M0 typically includes the most liquid forms of money, such as physical cash and central bank reserves. M1 usually encompasses M0 plus demand deposits, which are funds that can be withdrawn immediately without penalty. Broader measures like M2 and M3 include less liquid assets, such as savings accounts, time deposits, and money market funds, reflecting a wider spectrum of the economy's monetary assets.

Changes in the money supply can have significant effects on inflation, interest rates, and overall economic activity. An increase in the money supply, if not matched by a corresponding increase in the production of goods and services, can lead to inflation as too much money chases too few goods. Conversely, a contraction in the money supply can dampen economic growth and potentially lead to deflation. Central banks manage the money supply through various monetary policy tools, such as adjusting interest rates and conducting open market operations, to achieve macroeconomic stability.