pâncreas

Pancreas is a gland organ in the upper abdomen, located behind the stomach. It is part of the digestive system and the endocrine system. The pancreas is about 6 inches long and has a flat, elongated shape. It is divided into three parts: the head, the body, and the tail. The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen, and the tail extends to the left.

The pancreas has two main functions. The first is exocrine function, which involves the production of digestive enzymes. These enzymes are released into the small intestine, where they help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from food. The second is endocrine function, which involves the production of hormones. The most important hormones produced by the pancreas are insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps to lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose from the blood into cells. Glucagon helps to raise blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose.

Disorders of the pancreas can affect both its exocrine and endocrine functions. Pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, can be caused by gallstones or alcohol abuse. Diabetes mellitus, a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, is caused by a deficiency in insulin production or a resistance to insulin's effects. Pancreatic cancer is a serious disease that often has a poor prognosis. Early detection and treatment are important for improving outcomes.