oxidativ

Oxidativ is a term used to describe phenomena related to oxidation, the chemical process by which a substance loses electrons. In strict sense, oxidation involves an increase in oxidation state, often accompanied by the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen. The term spans chemistry, biology, and environmental science, and is often used as the equivalent of the English word oxidative.

In chemistry, oxidative reactions are redox processes in which an atom or molecule gains oxidation, typically by transferring electrons to an oxidant. Common examples include rusting of iron, combustion, and the oxidative degradation of polymers. Substances that promote oxidation are oxidizing agents, such as oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and halogens.

In biology, oxidative processes are central to metabolism. Cells generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation, a series of redox reactions in mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species, byproducts of respiration, can act as signaling molecules at low levels but may damage DNA, proteins, and lipids when antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed, a situation known as oxidative stress.

Ongoing research on oxidation covers environmental chemistry, food science, aging, and disease. Oxidative mechanisms influence air and water chemistry, corrosion, and product shelf life. Understanding redox balance and the factors that influence oxidation informs chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science, contributing to health, sustainability, and industry.