overspændingsafleder

Overspændingsafleder, also known as surge protectors or lightning arresters, are devices designed to protect electrical and electronic equipment from damage caused by transient overvoltages. These overvoltages can originate from various sources, most commonly lightning strikes or the switching of heavy electrical loads. Without protection, such surges can quickly destroy sensitive components, leading to costly repairs or replacements.

The fundamental principle behind an overspændingsafleder is to provide a low-impedance path for excess voltage to bypass the protected equipment and dissipate safely to the ground. When a normal operating voltage is present, the overspændingsafleder acts as an insulator, allowing the current to flow through the intended circuit. However, when the voltage exceeds a predefined threshold, the overspændingsafleder becomes conductive, diverting the surge current away from the protected device.

Common types of overspændingsafledere include metal oxide varistors (MOVs), gas discharge tubes (GDTs), and silicon avalanche diodes (SADs). Each type has its own characteristics regarding response time, energy handling capacity, and lifespan. MOVs are widely used due to their cost-effectiveness and ability to handle moderate surges. GDTs are known for their high surge current capabilities and long life, while SADs offer very fast response times.

Overspændingsafledere are crucial components in a wide range of applications, from residential power distribution systems and personal electronic devices like computers and televisions to industrial machinery and telecommunications infrastructure. Proper installation and selection of an appropriate overspændingsafleder are essential to ensure effective protection against damaging voltage transients.