otorgues

Otorgues is the second-person singular present subjunctive form of the Spanish verb otorgar, meaning to grant or confer. As a mood rather than a tense, the present subjunctive expresses doubt, desire, possibility, or non-real actions and is used in subordinate clauses governed by expressions of will, emotion, doubt, or necessity.

The form is employed after verbs of wishing or requesting and after conjunctions that require the subjunctive, such as para que, a fin de que, con tal de que, a menos que, and sin que. Examples include: “Espero que tú otorgues tu consentimiento” and “Quiero que tú otorgues el permiso antes de la fecha límite.” It can also appear in clauses introduced by aunque in contexts of supposition or unreality.

Otorgues coexists with other present-subjunctive forms for the same subject: otorgue (usted/él/ella), otorguemos (nosotros), otorguéis (vosotros), otorguen (ustedes/ellos). The corresponding indicative forms—otorgas, otorga, otorgamos, otorgáis, otorgan—express real actions, while the imperative for that person is otorgue (usted) or otorga (tú). Distinctions between these forms are central to Spanish grammar and affect meaning and modality.

Common challenges include recognizing when the subjunctive is required and avoiding its use in main clauses that express certainty or factual statements. In everyday speech, the present subjunctive, including otorgues, appears most frequently in formal or carefully structured sentences, particularly in written Spanish.

See also: otorgamiento, otorgar, subjuntivo.