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Oscilloscope is an electronic test instrument that graphically displays varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time. It is a fundamental tool for anyone working with electronics.

The most common type of oscilloscope displays a waveform on a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD). The horizontal axis typically represents time, and the vertical axis represents voltage. By observing the shape, amplitude, and timing of the waveform, users can analyze the characteristics of an electronic signal, such as its frequency, amplitude, pulse width, and distortion.

Oscilloscopes are used in a wide range of applications, including troubleshooting electronic circuits, designing new electronic components, and performing scientific research. They are indispensable for understanding how circuits behave and for identifying problems.

Modern oscilloscopes offer advanced features such as digital signal processing, automated measurements, and the ability to capture and store waveforms for later analysis. This makes them powerful tools for both hobbyists and professional engineers. They come in various forms, from handheld portable devices to benchtop instruments with extensive capabilities.