ortoisomeereistä

Ortorisomer refers to a specific type of stereoisomer in organic chemistry. Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in their three-dimensional arrangement of atoms. Within the broader category of stereoisomers, diastereomers and enantiomers are key classifications. Orthoisomers are a particular subset of diastereomers.

Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. This means that if you try to superimpose one diastereomer onto another, they will not match up perfectly. Orthoisomers are a specific case where this non-mirror image relationship arises from the relative positions of substituents on a ring structure or a molecule with multiple chiral centers.

The term "ortho" in this context often implies a specific spatial relationship, commonly referring to substituents being on the same side or opposite sides of a ring system, or having a particular orientation relative to each other in a larger molecule. This distinction is important in understanding the physical and chemical properties of molecules, as different stereoisomers can exhibit significantly different behaviors, such as reactivity, solubility, and biological activity. For example, in cyclohexane derivatives, cis and trans isomers are diastereomers, and depending on the specific arrangement, they might be considered ortho-related.