ophthalm

Ophthalm is a combining form in medical terminology derived from the Greek ophthalmos, meaning eye. It appears in a range of terms that relate to the eye and vision, including ophthalmology, ophthalmic, and ophthalmologist. The root is used to form words referring to eye anatomy, diseases, and treatments.

Ophthalmology is the medical specialty dedicated to the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye and visual system. Ophthalmologists are physicians who diagnose and treat eye disorders, often employing medical therapy and surgical procedures. Subfields include cataract surgery, glaucoma management, retina and vitreous disorders, cornea and external diseases, pediatric ophthalmology, and neuro-ophthalmology. Common activities involve eye examinations, imaging, laser and surgical interventions, and intravitreal injections, among others.

Related terms and tools include ophthalmic (relating to the eye), ophthalmologist (eye doctor), and ophthalmology (the specialty). Diagnostic and therapeutic instruments with the ophthalmology focus include the ophthalmoscope for examining the interior of the eye and the slit lamp for detailed anterior segment assessment. Ophthalmic medications and devices refer to treatments designed for eyes, such as eye drops, contact lenses, and intraocular implants.

Ophthalmology is distinct from optometry, which focuses on vision care and refractive correction rather than surgical treatment. The term ophthalmology reflects the long historical effort to study and treat eye diseases, with the field developing as a formal specialty in the modern era.