openCypher

OpenCypher is an open-source query language designed for property graph databases. Originally developed by the Cypher project at Neo4j, OpenCypher aims to standardize and facilitate graph data querying across various systems. It provides a syntax for expressing complex graph traversal, pattern matching, and data manipulation operations, similar in purpose but distinct in implementation from traditional SQL.

OpenCypher supports core graph concepts such as nodes, relationships, properties, and labels, enabling users to query interconnected data efficiently. The language's syntax allows for expressive pattern matching using ASCII-art-like visualizations, making complex graph queries more intuitive. Features include pattern matching, filtering, aggregation, optional matches, and data updates, aligning with the needs of graph analytics.

The OpenCypher project was initiated to foster interoperability and provide an open standard for graph query languages, encouraging adoption beyond Neo4j. Several graph database systems have implemented or adapted parts of the OpenCypher language, contributing to its ecosystem. Notable implementations include implementations within Apache TinkerPop and compatibility layers in other graph platforms.

While Neo4j continues to develop its proprietary Cypher language, the open-source version of OpenCypher remains influential. It has been overseen by the OpenCypher Working Group, an industry consortium aimed at harmonizing graph query standards. The language's development is driven by open governance, with contributions from multiple organizations seeking to enhance and standardize graph query capabilities.

OpenCypher is integral to the broader movement of graph databases and graph analytics, providing a foundation for querying complex, interconnected datasets across multiple domains such as social networks, knowledge graphs, and recommendation systems.