onykymykoosi

Onykomykoosi is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail, commonly known as toenail fungus or fingernail fungus. This condition affects the nail bed, nail plate, and the surrounding nail structures, often leading to discoloration, thickening, and distortion of the affected nail. The most common fungi responsible for onychomycosis are dermatophytes, but yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds can also be causative agents.

The infection typically begins as a small white or yellow spot under the tip of the fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection spreads deeper into the nail, it can cause the nail to discolor further, become thicker, and grow more slowly. The nail may also become brittle, crumbly, or ragged. In some cases, the nail may separate from the nail bed, a condition known as onycholysis. Onychomycosis is more prevalent in toenails than fingernails due to the environment in which toenails are often found, such as enclosed shoes which can create a warm, moist breeding ground for fungi.

Risk factors for developing onychomycosis include age, as older individuals are more susceptible, excessive sweating, a history of athlete's foot, having a weakened immune system, and minor nail trauma. Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination and can be confirmed by laboratory tests, such as a nail clipping culture or microscopy. Treatment options vary and can include topical or oral antifungal medications, as well as nail removal in severe cases. Prevention involves maintaining good foot hygiene, keeping nails trimmed and dry, and avoiding sharing nail clippers or other personal items.