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Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails. It is also commonly known as a fungal nail infection. The condition can affect fingernails and toenails, though it is more prevalent in toenails. Onychomycosis is caused by various types of fungi, most commonly dermatophytes, but yeasts and molds can also be responsible.

The infection typically begins as a white or yellowish spot under the tip of a fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection progresses, it can cause the nail to thicken, discolor, crumble, and become distorted. The nail may separate from the nail bed. Pain can sometimes occur, particularly if the infection is severe or if the nail becomes very thick and presses on the footwear.

Risk factors for developing onychomycosis include a history of fungal infections like athlete's foot, excessive sweating, wearing non-breathable footwear, having a weakened immune system, and nail trauma. It is also more common in older adults.

Diagnosis is usually made based on the appearance of the nail, but laboratory tests, such as a nail clipping culture or microscopic examination, can confirm the presence of a fungal infection and identify the specific type of fungus.

Treatment for onychomycosis can be challenging and may involve topical antifungal medications, oral antifungal medications, or in severe cases, nail removal. It often takes several months for a healthy new nail to grow. Prevention strategies include keeping nails clean and dry, avoiding sharing nail clippers or files, and wearing appropriate footwear in public places like swimming pools and gym locker rooms.