oncogéneket

Oncogenes are genes that have the potential to cause cancer. Normally, these genes play a role in cell growth and division. However, when they undergo mutations or are present in excess, they can become oncogenes, driving uncontrolled cell proliferation. Oncogenes are typically mutated versions of proto-oncogenes, which are normal genes involved in cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes can be converted into oncogenes through various mechanisms, including point mutations, gene amplification, or chromosomal translocations. These alterations can lead to the overproduction of proteins that promote cell growth or inhibit cell death.

The discovery of oncogenes has been crucial in understanding the molecular basis of cancer. By studying oncogenes, scientists have identified specific targets for cancer therapies. For example, drugs that inhibit the activity of certain oncogene products have been developed to treat various cancers. The presence and activity of oncogenes can be detected through molecular diagnostic tests, which can help in diagnosing cancer, predicting its prognosis, and guiding treatment decisions. Research into oncogenes continues to be a key area in cancer research, aiming to develop more effective and targeted cancer treatments.