oksit

Oksit is a class of chemical compounds consisting of oxygen bound to another element. In chemistry, oxides are often described by the formula MxOy, where M is a metal or nonmetal. They range from simple oxides such as silicon dioxide to complex mixed oxides used in technology. The term is used in several languages to denote oxide compounds.

Oxides display a wide range of structures and bonding. Many metal oxides are ionic solids with high melting points, while nonmetal oxides tend to be covalent and volatile. Some oxides are amphoteric, like aluminum oxide, reacting with both acids and bases; others are acidic or basic. Physical properties depend on the element, oxidation state, and crystal structure.

Natural minerals include hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), corundum (Al2O3), and silica (SiO2). Industrially important oxides include calcium oxide (CaO) for cement, titanium dioxide (TiO2) as pigment, and silicon dioxide in glass. Oxides also play key roles in electronics (silicon dioxide insulators; perovskite oxides in some devices) and in ceramics (aluminum oxide).

Production methods include oxidation of elements, roasting of ores, and calcination of carbonates or hydroxides. Some oxides are obtained by precipitation from solutions, followed by drying and heating; others arise from reduction of metal oxides to extract the metal. Oxide layers on metals can provide corrosion protection.

Applications span construction, catalysis, electronics, energy storage, pigments, and coatings. Safety varies by substance; some oxides pose health risks if inhaled as powders. Overall, oxides form a foundational class of inorganic compounds with broad scientific and industrial importance.