oksiderer

Oksiderer, or oxidizers, are chemical substances that promote oxidation by accepting electrons from other substances and are reduced in the process. They can increase the oxidation state of reactants by transferring oxygen or by acting as electron acceptors in redox reactions. Some oxidizers release oxygen during the reaction, while others function without releasing free oxygen.

Common examples include molecular oxygen (O2); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite; potassium permanganate (KMnO4); nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates; chlorine gas (Cl2) and ozone (O3); as well as organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide. In industry and the lab, oxidizers are used for disinfection, bleaching, oxidation of pollutants, wastewater treatment, polymerization initiation, and metal finishing.

Properties and safety considerations: Oxidizers are often highly reactive and can ignite or violently react with fuels or reducing agents. They can generate heat rapidly in contact with organic materials and may be corrosive or toxic. Safe handling requires storage away from combustibles and reducing agents, protection against spills, adequate ventilation, and appropriate personal protective equipment. Many oxidizers are regulated and must be labeled and stored under specific conditions to prevent accidental mixing with incompatible substances.

In chemistry and industry, oxidizers serve as the counterpart to reducers: they accept electrons and are reduced themselves while driving oxidation of other substances. They underpin a wide range of processes, from everyday water disinfection to advanced chemical synthesis.