oksianioni

An oksianioni, also known as an oxyanion, is a polyatomic anion that contains at least one oxygen atom and has a negative charge overall. These ions are formed when oxygen atoms bond with another element, typically a non-metal, and the resulting molecule gains or loses electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. The negative charge arises from the presence of excess electrons.

Common examples of oksianioni include sulfate (SO₄²⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), carbonate (CO₃²⁻), and phosphate (PO₄³⁻). The oxidation state of the central atom in an oksianioni can vary, and it is often positive. The geometry of oksianioni is typically tetrahedral, trigonal planar, or linear, depending on the number of atoms and their arrangement around the central atom.

Oksianioni play significant roles in various chemical and biological processes. They are important components of minerals, such as carbonates and sulfates, and are essential nutrients for plant growth. In biological systems, phosphate oksianioni are critical for energy storage and transfer (e.g., ATP), and are fundamental building blocks of DNA and RNA. Many common salts are formed from the combination of a metal cation and an oksianioni. The reactivity of oksianioni is diverse, with some acting as oxidizing agents and others as ligands in coordination complexes.