oksalaattikivi

Oksalaattikivi refers to kidney stones primarily composed of calcium oxalate. These are the most common type of kidney stone, accounting for about 75-80% of all cases. Calcium oxalate stones form when there is an excess of calcium and oxalate in the urine. Oxalate is a naturally occurring compound found in many foods, such as spinach, rhubarb, nuts, and chocolate.

Several factors can contribute to the formation of oksalaattikivi. These include a diet high in oxalate-rich foods, inadequate fluid intake leading to concentrated urine, and certain medical conditions like hyperparathyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Genetic predisposition can also play a role.

Symptoms of oksalaattikivi can vary depending on the size and location of the stone. Small stones may pass without causing significant discomfort. However, larger stones can cause severe pain in the back and side, pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin, blood in the urine (hematuria), nausea, vomiting, and a frequent and painful urge to urinate.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, urine tests to check for blood and crystals, and imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds to locate the stone. Treatment depends on the stone's size and the severity of symptoms. Small stones may be treated with increased fluid intake and pain medication. Larger stones might require medical procedures like lithotripsy (using shock waves to break up the stone) or surgical removal. Prevention strategies focus on increasing fluid intake to dilute urine and reducing dietary oxalate and sodium intake, while ensuring adequate calcium intake from food sources.