oksüdeerimisaste

Oksüdeerimisaste, also known as oxidation state or oxidation number, is a conceptual tool used in chemistry to track the hypothetical charge an atom would have if all its bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. It represents the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. In a neutral atom, the oxidation state is zero. When an atom gains electrons, its oxidation state becomes negative, indicating reduction. Conversely, when an atom loses electrons, its oxidation state becomes positive, indicating oxidation.

There are several rules to determine oxidation states. For elements in their elemental form, the oxidation state is always zero. In binary compounds with nonmetals, oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2, except in peroxides where it is -1, and when bonded to fluorine where it is positive. Hydrogen usually has an oxidation state of +1 when bonded to nonmetals and -1 when bonded to metals. The sum of the oxidation states of all atoms in a neutral molecule must equal zero. For polyatomic ions, the sum of the oxidation states must equal the charge of the ion. These assignments help in understanding redox reactions where electron transfer occurs.