ograniczajcym

Ograniczajcym is a nonstandard ASCII rendering of the instrumental singular form of the present active participle ograniczający from the Polish verb ograniczać, meaning to restrict or limit. The correct Polish spelling in this form is ograniczającym. The participle ograniczający functions as a verbal adjective, used to describe a subject that performs the restricting action, and it agrees with the noun in gender and number.

Morphology and usage: The present active participle ograniczający is formed from the verb stem ogranicz- with the participial suffix -ający. It inflects like an adjective: for example, ograniczający (masc nom sing), ograniczająca (fem nom sing), ograniczające (neut nom sing). In instrumental singular, which is often used with prepositions or as a predicate, the form is ograniczającym (masc/neut), with feminine instrumental being ograniczającą. The participle can function attributively, as in a noun phrase meaning “the cost-cutting company,” and can appear in various cases to express ongoing restriction as an action of the subject.

Etymology: It derives from ograniczać (to restrict) with the present participle suffix -ający, producing ograniczający and its declined forms. The ASCII form ograniczajcym is typically a transliteration without diacritics and does not represent the standard spelling.

Example usage:

- Ten ograniczający koszty menedżer był kluczem do stabilności firmy. (This cost-cutting manager was key to the company’s stability.)

- Firma ograniczającym ryzyko podejmowała decyzje ostrożnie. (The company, restricting/limiting risk, made cautious decisions.)

Notes: As with other Polish participles, ograniczający can act as an adjective within noun phrases and must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case.