ofnæmisvalda

Ofnæmisvalda is the Icelandic term for allergens. These are substances that can trigger an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. Common examples of allergens include pollen from plants, dust mites, certain foods like peanuts and milk, insect venom, and some medications. The immune system in an allergic person mistakenly identifies these otherwise harmless substances as threats.

When an allergic individual is exposed to an allergen, their immune system releases a chemical called histamine. Histamine is responsible for many of the symptoms associated with allergies. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include sneezing, itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and in extreme cases, anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction.

Identifying and avoiding specific allergens is the primary method for managing allergies. Diagnostic tests, such as skin prick tests or blood tests, are often used to pinpoint the exact substances causing the reaction. Once identified, individuals can take steps to minimize exposure, which may involve dietary changes, environmental modifications, or avoiding certain activities. Antihistamines and other medications can also be used to relieve symptoms.