odchýlku

Odchýlka, also known as standard deviation, is a statistical measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. It is widely used in various fields such as science, engineering, and finance to understand the spread of data.

The standard deviation is calculated as the square root of the variance, which is the average of the squared differences from the mean. The formula for standard deviation (σ) for a population is:

σ = √[(∑(x - μ)²) / N]

where x represents each value in the dataset, μ is the mean of the dataset, and N is the total number of values.

For a sample, the formula is:

s = √[(∑(x - x̄)²) / (n - 1)]

where x̄ is the sample mean, and n is the sample size. The division by (n - 1) instead of n is known as Bessel's correction, which provides an unbiased estimate of the population standard deviation.

A lower standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, whereas a higher standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range. Standard deviation is particularly useful in identifying outliers and understanding the consistency of data. However, it is sensitive to the presence of outliers and should be interpreted in conjunction with other statistical measures.