octanone

Octanone is the class name for eight-carbon ketones, defined by a carbonyl group (C=O) on a carbon chain that contains eight carbon atoms. The general molecular formula is C8H16O. The simplest straight-chain octanones are octan-2-one, octan-3-one, and octan-4-one, corresponding to the carbonyl located at the second, third, or fourth carbon in the chain. In addition to these linear isomers, many branched constitutional isomers of octanone exist, each with its own set of physical and chemical properties.

These compounds are typically produced by methods used to form ketones in organic synthesis, such as oxidation of secondary alcohols or other carbonyl-formation strategies. They can also appear as byproducts or intermediates in fragrance and flavor chemistry, where different octanone isomers contribute distinct sensory notes.

Physical properties of octanones vary with structure. Most are colorless liquids or low-melting solids and have moderate vapor pressures, with boiling points increasing as the carbon skeleton grows. The odor and aroma profiles are isomer-dependent; some octanones are described as having fruity, floral, or waxy notes and are used as aroma or flavor ingredients in addition to serving as solvents or synthetic intermediates.

Safety and handling follow standard precautions for ketones: they are generally flammable liquids and vapors and can be irritating to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. Proper ventilation, storage away from ignition sources, and personal protective equipment are advised.