octanoic

Octanoic acid, commonly known as caprylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with eight carbon atoms (C8:0) and the chemical formula C8H16O2. It is a carboxylic acid in which a terminal carboxyl group is attached to a linear eight-carbon chain. At room temperature it is a colorless, oily liquid with a characteristic odor and is largely insoluble in water, but soluble in many organic solvents.

Octanoic acid is classified as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). Its eight-carbon chain places it between short-chain and longer fatty acids, and it forms esters that are common in flavors and fragrances. In triglycerides, octanoate moieties contribute to the emollient properties of some fats and oils.

Naturally, octanoic acid is found in small amounts in various fats. It is a notable component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil, which contain several medium-chain fatty acids, including caprylic acid. It also occurs in dairy fats from goats, cows, and sheep in trace amounts.

Industrial production typically derives free octanoic acid from hydrolysis of fats and oils, followed by purification; it can also be prepared synthetically by oxidation of octanol or related intermediates.

Common uses include serving as a flavor and fragrance ingredient and as a precursor to esters used in cosmetics and perfumery. The related caprylic/capric triglyceride mixture is widely used as an emollient in personal care products.

Safety and handling: concentrated octanoic acid is corrosive to skin and eyes and can irritate the gastrointestinal tract if ingested. In consumer products, octanoic acid is typically present only at low levels as part of esters or triglycerides.