obyvatelé

Obyvatelé refers to the Czech and Slovak term for "citizens," encompassing individuals who hold residency or nationality in the Czech Republic or Slovakia. The concept of citizenship in these countries is governed by national laws that define rights, obligations, and procedures for acquiring or losing citizenship.

In the Czech Republic, citizenship is primarily granted by birth to those with at least one Czech parent or through naturalization for foreigners who meet specific residency and integration requirements. Dual citizenship is permitted, allowing individuals to hold both Czech and foreign passports. The Czech Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including freedom of speech, assembly, and protection under the law.

Slovakia follows a similar framework, with citizenship typically conferred by descent or naturalization. The process for naturalization involves demonstrating proficiency in the Slovak language, knowledge of Slovak culture, and a commitment to democratic values. Slovakia also allows dual citizenship, though certain restrictions may apply in specific cases, such as military service or diplomatic roles.

Both countries emphasize civic engagement, with citizens participating in elections, voting on referendums, and contributing to public life. Residency permits for non-citizens are regulated separately, granting temporary or permanent stays under specific conditions. While citizenship and residency rights differ, both systems aim to integrate individuals into society while upholding legal and democratic principles.