observedthroughput
Observed throughput is the actual rate at which data is successfully transferred over a network or system during a measurement interval. It is an empirical metric that reflects real-world performance, as opposed to theoretical capacity or maximum data rate.
Measured in bits per second or bytes per second, observed throughput can be end-to-end or per-link and
Several factors can reduce observed throughput below link capacity: protocol overhead, retransmissions due to errors, congestion
Observed throughput is related to, but distinct from, theoretical throughput. It is often contrasted with goodput,
Measurement approaches include active tests, such as speed tests or iPerf, and passive monitoring of live traffic.
Use cases for observed throughput include performance evaluation, capacity planning, SLA verification, and troubleshooting, helping diagnose