néma

Noma is a severe and rapidly progressing gangrenous infection that affects the mouth and can spread to other parts of the face. It typically begins as gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums, which then develops into ulceration and necrosis of the soft tissues of the mouth. The affected tissue quickly dies, leading to the characteristic foul odor, pain, and swelling. In severe cases, the infection can destroy parts of the jawbone, lips, and cheeks, resulting in significant disfigurement.

The condition is most commonly seen in children under the age of six, particularly those who are malnourished, have weakened immune systems, or live in conditions of extreme poverty and poor hygiene. Factors contributing to the development of noma include viral infections such as measles or chickenpox, which can compromise the immune system, coupled with poor oral hygiene and a diet lacking in essential nutrients.

Noma is preventable with good nutrition and basic hygiene. Early treatment is crucial and involves improving the patient's nutritional status, administering antibiotics to combat the bacterial infection, and performing wound care. Surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the disfigurement caused by the tissue destruction. While noma was once more widespread, it is now rare in developed countries due to improvements in public health and living standards. However, it remains a significant health concern in some parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.