næseseptumet

The nasal septum is a bony and cartilaginous wall that divides the nasal cavity into two separate passages. It is primarily composed of cartilage in the anterior portion and bone in the posterior portion. The cartilage is known as the septal cartilage, while the bony components include the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer. The septum is covered by a mucous membrane, which is rich in blood vessels and glands, contributing to warming, humidifying, and filtering inhaled air.

A deviated nasal septum occurs when the septum is off-center or crooked, making one nasal passage smaller than the other. While many people have some degree of deviation, it often becomes symptomatic and requires medical attention if it significantly obstructs airflow. Symptoms of a significantly deviated septum can include difficulty breathing through the nose, nasal congestion, frequent sinus infections, nosebleeds, and facial pain. It can also contribute to snoring and sleep disturbances.

The cause of a deviated septum can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired, often resulting from trauma to the nose, such as a blow during sports or an accident. Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination of the nose, often aided by a small light and nasal speculum. In some cases, imaging tests like a CT scan may be used to better visualize the septum and surrounding structures.

Treatment for a deviated septum depends on the severity of symptoms. For mild cases, nasal decongestants, antihistamines, or nasal steroid sprays may help manage symptoms by reducing inflammation. However, for significant obstruction and persistent symptoms, surgical correction called septoplasty may be recommended. Septoplasty aims to straighten the septum, improving airflow through the nasal passages.