närvisüsteemil

Närvisüsteemil is the Estonian term for the nervous system. It is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. The nervous system controls both voluntary and involuntary actions, as well as thought processes, emotions, and memory.

The nervous system is broadly divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord, which are the command centers of the body. The PNS comprises all the nerves that branch out from the CNS to reach every other part of the body.

The functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron, or nerve cell. Neurons transmit signals through electrochemical impulses. These signals allow for rapid communication throughout the body, enabling responses to stimuli, coordination of movements, and processing of sensory information.

The brain is responsible for higher-level functions such as consciousness, learning, and problem-solving, while the spinal cord acts as a conduit for information between the brain and the rest of the body and also controls reflexes. The PNS is further divided into the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary muscle movements, and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing. The autonomic nervous system is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which have opposing effects to maintain homeostasis.