närvikiudu

Närvikiudu, also known as nerve fibers, are essential components of the nervous system. They are the extensions of nerve cells, or neurons, that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. These fibers are crucial for rapid communication between different parts of the body, allowing for everything from sensory perception to motor control.

There are two main types of närvikiudu: myelinated and unmyelinated. Myelinated fibers are covered by a fatty insulating sheath called myelin, which significantly speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses. This insulation is produced by glial cells, specifically Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Unmyelinated fibers lack this sheath, resulting in slower signal conduction.

Närvikiudu can be broadly classified based on their function. Sensory, or afferent, fibers carry information from sensory receptors in the body towards the central nervous system. Motor, or efferent, fibers transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, initiating responses. Interneurons, found entirely within the central nervous system, connect different neurons and play a role in complex processing.

The structure of a närvikiudu typically includes an axon, which is the long projection that carries the signal, and at its end, axon terminals that form synapses with other neurons or target cells. Damage to närvikiudu can lead to a variety of neurological problems, impacting a person's ability to feel, move, and think.