näiden

Näiden is the genitive plural form of the Finnish demonstrative pronoun and determiner nämä, meaning “these.” It marks a genitive relationship to a set of items that has already been mentioned or is evident from context. In Finnish, demonstratives have several case forms, and näiden is used before a noun in the genitive case.

As a determiner, näiden accompanies a noun in genitive to signal “of these” or a possessive association. It cannot usually stand alone as a possessive pronoun in modern Finnish; instead it appears in phrases such as näiden kirjojen takakannet (the back covers of these books) or näiden talojen julkisivut (the façades of these houses).

Common examples include:

- Näiden kirjojen takakannet ovat kuluneet.

- Näiden ihmisten mielipide on tärkeä.

- Näiden ohjeiden mukaan toimimme.

The phrase näiden mukaan means “according to these [things/guidelines].”

Relation to other forms: näiden contrasts with nominative saatavu “nämä” (these) used as the subject of a sentence, and with partitive näitä (these, some of these) used in different grammatical contexts. The genitive plural näiden is a key part of the Finnish demonstrative system, enabling precise reference to a defined set of items within a clause. Etymologically, näiden is derived from the demonstrative stem nämä with the genitive plural ending.