nähtud

Nähtud is the past passive participle of the Estonian verb nägema (to see). It functions as a word meaning "seen" or "having been seen" and can be used both attributively and predicatively in sentences. The form nähtud is widely used in everyday language to indicate that something has been observed or witnessed.

Formation and morphology: Nähtud is formed from the verb stem näe- with the participle suffix -dud, following standard Estonian participle patterns for past passive constructions. The form is typically written as nähtud and is used with various nouns or in combination with auxiliary verbs to express completed perception or observation.

Grammatical use: Nähtud frequently appears in compound verb constructions with the auxiliary olema (to be) to denote perfect passive meaning, such as has been seen. It can also appear in relative clauses to describe something that has already been observed, for example, a noun phrase that translates roughly as "the thing that has been seen." In attributive position, nähtud is treated as an adjective-like participle and agrees with the noun it modifies according to Estonian agreement rules.

Synonyms and related forms: The concept of “seeing” in the past and the resulting state is conveyed in related phrases and with other participles derived from nägema, but nähtud is the standard form used to express that something has been observed. It contrasts with present or future forms of perception and with active forms of the verb.

See also: Estonian grammar, participles, passive voice, perfect tense.