nárazníku

Nárazník, also known as a bumper, is a component at the front and rear of a road vehicle designed to reduce the severity of a crash. Its primary purpose is to absorb impact energy, protecting the vehicle's occupants and the vehicle itself from significant damage in low-speed collisions. Modern nárazníky are typically made of plastics, often polypropylene, which can deform and absorb energy effectively. They are often covered with a painted fascia that matches the rest of the vehicle's bodywork.

Historically, nárazníky were simple metal bars, offering minimal protection. Over time, regulations and technological advancements have led to more sophisticated designs. These include energy-absorbing foam or honeycomb structures beneath the plastic cover, as well as crumple zones designed to progressively collapse and dissipate impact forces. The design of a nárazník is also influenced by pedestrian safety considerations, with features aimed at reducing injury to pedestrians if struck by a vehicle.

Nárazníky play a crucial role in vehicle safety standards and crash test ratings. Their effectiveness is evaluated through various impact tests, which simulate different collision scenarios. The performance of a nárazník can significantly affect the overall safety rating of a vehicle, influencing consumer purchasing decisions and manufacturer design choices. Beyond their safety function, nárazníky also contribute to a vehicle's aerodynamics and aesthetic appeal.