nukleofilowej

Nukleofil is a term used in chemistry to describe a species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction. This electron pair is often referred to as a "lone pair" or "non-bonding pair." Nukleofile are typically negatively charged or have a high electron density, making them good electron donors. They can be atoms, ions, or molecules. Common examples of nucleophiles include hydroxide ion (OH-), cyanide ion (CN-), and water (H2O). In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile attacks an electrophilic center, leading to the substitution of a leaving group. The reactivity of a nucleophile is influenced by factors such as its basicity, the stability of the transition state, and the steric hindrance. Nukleofile play a crucial role in various chemical processes, including biological reactions and synthetic chemistry.