nucleofiilin

Nucleofilin is a family of proteins involved in the regulation of nuclear transport and cellular processes, particularly in the context of DNA repair and cell cycle control. The term "nucleofilin" was originally coined to describe a group of proteins that bind to nucleosomes, the fundamental units of chromatin, and facilitate their transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. These proteins are characterized by their ability to interact with both DNA and the nuclear pore complex, which mediates the bidirectional transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope.

The nucleofilin family includes several members, such as nucleofilin-1 (Nuf1) and nucleofilin-2 (Nuf2), which have been studied extensively in yeast and other model organisms. In humans, nucleofilin-like proteins, such as the transportin family, share functional similarities with nucleofilins, though they are not strictly classified under the same category. Nucleofilins play a critical role in maintaining genomic stability by aiding in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, a process essential for preventing mutations and cancer development.

Beyond DNA repair, nucleofilins are implicated in other cellular functions, including the regulation of gene expression and the organization of chromatin structure. Their involvement in these processes suggests a broader role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Research on nucleofilins has also highlighted their potential as therapeutic targets, particularly in the context of cancer, where disruptions in nuclear transport mechanisms are often observed.

Studies on nucleofilins have primarily focused on their structural and functional properties, as well as their interactions with other proteins and nucleic acids. Advances in techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy and mass spectrometry have provided deeper insights into how nucleofilins facilitate nuclear transport and contribute to cellular physiology. Despite ongoing research, many aspects of nucleofilin function remain to be fully elucidated, particularly in complex eukaryotic organisms.