npentanol

N-pentanol, also known as pentan-1-ol, is an aliphatic primary alcohol with five carbon atoms. Its chemical formula is C5H12O and its structure is CH3-(CH2)3-CH2-OH. It is the straight‑chain isomer of pentanol and belongs to the class of alcohols commonly used as solvents and chemical building blocks.

Industrial production typically involves hydroformylation of propene to pentanal followed by catalytic hydrogenation to pentanol. N-pentanol is widely used as a solvent in coatings, inks, adhesives, and extraction processes, and it serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticizers, lubricants, flavors and fragrances, as well as some pharmaceutical intermediates.

In terms of physical properties, n-pentanol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. It has a boiling point around 137 °C and a density near 0.83 g/mL at room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water and more soluble in many organic solvents, reflecting its relatively nonpolar character compared with shorter alcohols.

Safety considerations include its flammability and the potential for irritation to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract upon exposure. Vapors can form flammable mixtures with air, so it is handled with appropriate precautions, including storage in a cool, well‑ventilated area away from heat sources. In manufacturing and consumer products, n-pentanol is typically used in compliance with relevant regulations and safety guidelines.