nivation
Nivation is a geomorphological process that occurs in cold environments, particularly at the base of snow patches. It involves a combination of physical and chemical weathering that breaks down rock and soil material. The process begins with snow accumulation, which insulates the ground beneath during winter. As the snow melts in spring and summer, meltwater percolates through the soil and any existing cracks in rocks. This water can freeze and thaw repeatedly, a process known as frost weathering, which widens cracks and dislodges rock fragments.
Additionally, the meltwater can carry dissolved organic acids from decaying vegetation trapped within the snow. These