nitroglyseriinistä

Nitroglyseriini, also known as glyseryl trinitraatti, is a chemical compound with the formula C3H5(NO3)3. It is a dense, colorless, oily liquid that is highly explosive. Despite its explosive nature, nitroglycerin has important medical applications. It is used as a vasodilator to treat chest pain associated with angina pectoris, a symptom of coronary artery disease. When taken sublingually, it quickly relaxes and widens blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart.

The synthesis of nitroglycerin involves the nitration of glycerol using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. This process is highly exothermic and requires careful temperature control to prevent uncontrolled detonation. Due to its instability and sensitivity to shock, nitroglycerin is often stabilized when used for industrial purposes. Alfred Nobel famously discovered a method to stabilize nitroglycerin by mixing it with diatomaceous earth, creating dynamite, which made it much safer to handle and transport.

In medicine, nitroglycerin is administered in various forms, including sublingual tablets, sprays, and topical ointments. The dosage and form depend on the specific medical condition being treated. Its rapid action makes it a crucial medication for acute angina episodes. It is important to note that nitroglycerin can cause side effects such as headaches, dizziness, and a drop in blood pressure.