nitrogliseriiniä

Nitrogliseriiniä, or nitroglycerin, is a chemical compound with the formula C3H5(ONO2)3. It is a colorless, oily liquid that is highly explosive and sensitive to shock and friction. Despite its instability, it is a vital component in several industries.

Historically, nitroglycerin was discovered by the Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero in 1847. Its explosive power was soon recognized, leading to its use in mining and construction. However, its extreme sensitivity made transportation and handling dangerous, leading to frequent accidents. This challenge was overcome by Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite in 1867 by mixing nitroglycerin with kieselguhr, a porous absorbent material. This stabilized the compound, making it safer to use.

In medicine, diluted forms of nitroglycerin are used as a vasodilator to treat heart conditions such as angina pectoris. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels, which improves blood flow to the heart. It is administered in various forms, including sublingual tablets, sprays, and patches.

The production of nitroglycerin involves the nitration of glycerol with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The process requires careful control of temperature and reaction conditions to prevent uncontrolled decomposition. Due to its hazardous nature, its manufacture, storage, and transport are strictly regulated.