nitraattiselluloosan

Nitraattiselluloosa, also known as nitrocellulose or cellulose nitrate, is a highly flammable compound formed by the nitration of cellulose. It is produced by treating cellulose, typically derived from wood pulp or cotton linters, with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The degree of nitration, meaning the number of hydroxyl groups on the cellulose polymer that have been replaced by nitrate groups, significantly affects its properties.

Historically, nitraattiselluloosa gained prominence as a precursor to celluloid, the first successful thermoplastic. This led to its widespread use in early photography as a film base, replacing glass plates. It also found application in explosives, particularly in early forms of smokeless gunpowder. Due to its explosive nature, its handling and storage require strict safety precautions.

In modern times, the use of nitraattiselluloosa has shifted. While its role in film has largely been superseded by safety film (cellulose diacetate or triacetate), it is still employed in certain specialized applications. These include lacquers and coatings, where its film-forming properties are beneficial, and as a component in some propellants and pyrotechnics. The inherent instability and flammability of nitraattiselluloosa remain key considerations in its industrial production and application.