niiskusmõõtjad

Niiskusmõõtjad, also known as hygrometers, are instruments used for measuring the amount of water vapor in the air, a quantity referred to as humidity. This measurement is crucial in various fields, including meteorology, agriculture, industrial processes, and even in everyday household settings to ensure comfort and prevent mold growth.

There are several types of niiskusmõõtjad, each operating on different principles. Mechanical hygrometers often utilize materials that change physical dimensions in response to humidity, such as hair or a synthetic membrane. These changes are then translated into a reading on a dial. Electronic hygrometers, on the other hand, employ sensors that detect changes in electrical properties due to moisture absorption. Common examples include capacitive and resistive sensors. Capacitive sensors measure the change in capacitance of a dielectric material as it absorbs moisture, while resistive sensors measure the change in electrical resistance of a material that varies with humidity.

The measurement obtained from a niiskusmõõtja can be expressed in several ways, most commonly as relative humidity, which is the ratio of the actual amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount the air can hold at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage. Absolute humidity, which is the mass of water vapor per unit volume of air, and dew point temperature, the temperature at which air becomes saturated and condensation begins, are also important humidity metrics that can be derived or measured directly by some instruments. Accurate readings from niiskusmõõtjad are essential for maintaining optimal conditions in diverse environments.