neuroophthalmológia

Neuroophthalmology is a subspecialty of ophthalmology and neurology that deals with the relationship between the eyes and the brain. It focuses on visual disturbances that can arise from neurological conditions. Neuroophthalmologists diagnose and manage a wide range of disorders affecting the optic nerve, visual pathways in the brain, and the control of eye movements.

Common conditions treated by neuroophthalmologists include optic neuritis, which is inflammation of the optic nerve often associated with multiple sclerosis, and papilledema, swelling of the optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure. They also manage visual field defects resulting from strokes or tumors, cranial nerve palsies that affect eye movement and cause double vision, and nystagmus, an involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes. Other areas of expertise include visual disturbances related to migraines, myasthenia gravis, and certain systemic diseases.

The diagnostic process in neuroophthalmology typically involves a thorough patient history, a comprehensive eye examination, and neurological assessments. Imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans are frequently used to visualize the brain and optic nerves. Treatment strategies vary widely depending on the underlying cause and may include medications, vision therapy, or surgical interventions. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to preserve vision and improve the quality of life for patients with neuroophthalmological conditions.