neuroinflammatoriska

Neuroinflammation refers to the inflammatory response occurring within the nervous system. This process involves the activation of glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, which are the primary immune cells of the brain and spinal cord. When the central nervous system encounters harmful stimuli like pathogens, damaged cells, or toxins, these glial cells initiate an inflammatory cascade.

This inflammatory response can be beneficial in the short term, aiding in the clearance of debris and protection against infection. However, chronic or excessive neuroinflammation can become detrimental. Persistent activation of glial cells leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which can damage neurons and impair synaptic function. This chronic inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.

The mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation are complex and involve a variety of signaling pathways. Factors such as oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, and systemic inflammation can contribute to its development and progression. Research into neuroinflammation aims to understand its precise role in disease and to identify therapeutic targets for modulating this inflammatory response to protect neurological health.