neurohypofyysi

Neurohypofyysi is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It is composed of neural tissue and is an extension of the hypothalamus. Unlike the anterior pituitary, the neurohypofyysi does not synthesize hormones itself. Instead, it stores and releases hormones that are produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus. These hormones are antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, and oxytocin.

ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of water, thus reducing urine production and preventing dehydration. Oxytocin has a variety of functions, including stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and promoting milk ejection during breastfeeding. It is also involved in social bonding and maternal behavior.

The neurohypofyysi is connected to the hypothalamus via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract, a bundle of nerve fibers. Hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported down these nerve fibers to be stored in the nerve terminals within the neurohypofyysi. When stimulated, these terminals release the hormones directly into the bloodstream. Dysfunction of the neurohypofyysi can lead to conditions such as diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to ADH deficiency, or disorders related to oxytocin release.