neurohormonen

Neurohormones are signaling molecules produced by specialized nerve cells called neurosecretory cells. These cells, found in the hypothalamus and other areas of the brain, are unique in that they combine neuronal and endocrine functions. Unlike typical neurotransmitters that act across a synaptic cleft between neurons, neurohormones are released from the axon terminals of neurosecretory cells directly into the bloodstream or the cerebrospinal fluid.

Once in circulation, neurohormones travel throughout the body to reach their target cells, which can be located in distant organs or glands. The release of neurohormones is regulated by neural signals, allowing the nervous system to control endocrine functions. This close integration of the nervous and endocrine systems is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and regulating a wide range of physiological processes.

Examples of neurohormones include releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones produced in the hypothalamus, which control the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are also neurohormones, synthesized in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary. These molecules play vital roles in regulating water balance, blood pressure, social bonding, and childbirth. The study of neurohormones highlights the sophisticated communication network within the body that orchestrates complex bodily functions.