neuregulin

Neuregulin is a family of secreted proteins that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication within the nervous system and other tissues. These proteins are involved in a wide range of developmental processes, including the formation of the nervous system, the development of cardiac muscle, and the regulation of the immune system. Neuregulins exert their effects by binding to and activating specific receptor tyrosine kinases, primarily ErbB receptors, which are members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family.

There are several distinct neuregulin genes, producing a variety of isoforms with different functions and tissue distributions. These isoforms can be alternatively spliced, leading to further diversification of their biological activities. The activation of ErbB receptors by neuregulins triggers downstream signaling pathways that influence cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. For instance, neuregulins are critical for the development and maintenance of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system. They also play a role in the proper formation and function of the heart. Dysregulation of neuregulin signaling has been implicated in various diseases, including neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as certain types of cancer. Research into neuregulin's multifaceted roles continues to uncover its importance in both health and disease.