neodimio

Neodimio is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is part of the lanthanide series, i.e., a rare earth metal. In its pure form it is a soft, silvery‑white metal that tarnishes in air.

Neodimio occurs in minerals such as monazite and bastnäsite and is typically recovered as a lanthanide concentrate. From these minerals it is separated from other rare earths by solvent extraction or ion‑exchange methods, yielding neodymium‑containing oxides (Nd2O3) or metals for further use.

The principal practical use of neodimio is in Nd‑Fe‑B permanent magnets, which combine neodymium, iron, and boron to form some of the strongest magnets available. These magnets are widely used in motors for electric vehicles, wind turbines, computer hard drives, and headphones. Neodymium‑doped lasers, such as Nd:YAG lasers, emit infrared light and are employed in medicine, industry, and research. Neodymium is also used as a dopant in glass and ceramic materials to provide color and other optical properties.

Historically, neodimio was identified in 1885 by Carl Auer von Welsbach during the separation of didymium. The name derives from Greek neos, meaning “new,” and didymos, meaning “twin.” The symbol Nd reflects the element’s name. Natural neodimio consists of several stable isotopes, and the element is not considered radioactive. It is regarded as a critical material in modern technology, with supply influenced by mining, refining capacity, and recycling of magnets.