natriurettici

Natriuretic peptides are a group of peptide hormones that play a role in regulating blood volume, blood pressure, and cardiovascular homeostasis. The primary natriuretic peptides in humans are atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). These peptides are synthesized and secreted by cardiac muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells, respectively, in response to mechanical stretch and increased pressure within the heart and blood vessels.

ANP is primarily released from the atria of the heart in response to atrial distension, which occurs when blood volume increases. BNP is mainly secreted from the ventricles of the heart, particularly in response to increased ventricular pressure and volume. CNP is predominantly found in vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in vasodilation.

The main actions of natriuretic peptides include promoting the excretion of sodium (natriuresis) and water (diuresis) by the kidneys, which leads to a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure. They also inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which further contributes to blood pressure reduction. Additionally, natriuretic peptides cause vasodilation, reducing peripheral vascular resistance.

Elevated levels of BNP are commonly used as a biomarker for diagnosing and assessing the severity of heart failure. Therapeutic agents that mimic the action of natriuretic peptides, or inhibit their degradation, are being developed or are in clinical use for conditions like heart failure and hypertension.