natriumiin

Natriumiin is the chemical element sodium, symbol Na, and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal with low density and high reactivity. In standard conditions, natriumiin readily loses one electron to form Na+ and participates in a wide range of chemical reactions, notably reacting vigorously with water to release hydrogen gas and form sodium hydroxide.

Natriumiin is not found free in nature. It occurs in numerous minerals and in seawater. The most abundant natriumiin-containing mineral is halite, NaCl, and it is also present in many other salts and compounds.

Production is primarily by electrolysis of molten NaCl, in processes such as the Downs cell, frequently with calcium chloride as a flux. The resulting metal is highly reactive and is stored under mineral oil or inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation. Sodium metal is used to prepare a broad range of compounds, including sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and various organics; it is also widely used in de-icing and in the glass industry.

Biologically, natriumiin is a vital electrolyte. It helps regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction, and plays a role in blood pressure control. The body maintains a narrow range of natriumiin in the blood, with imbalances potentially causing health problems. The element was isolated in the early 19th century by Humphry Davy; its name derives from natrium, the Latin form, and the symbol Na reflects this origin.