natriumhydroksid

Natriumhydroxid, also known as sodium hydroxide or caustic soda, is a strong inorganic base with the chemical formula NaOH. It appears as a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. In aqueous solution it dissociates into sodium (Na+) and hydroxide (OH−) ions, conferring a high pH and strong basicity. The dissolution is strongly exothermic. The solid is hygroscopic and absorbs moisture from the air, and it slowly hydrolyzes carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate on exposure.

Natural occurrence: It does not occur freely in nature; it is produced industrially.

Production: Primarily produced by the chloralkali process, where an electrolytic cell converts brine into chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide. The process results in a concentrated NaOH solution typically around 30–50% for sale, or solid NaOH.

Applications: It is widely used in industry for pH control and neutralization, chemical synthesis, paper production, textiles, and water treatment. In soap making, NaOH saponifies fats to yield glycerol and soap. It is also used in drain cleaners and food processing as a processing aid.

Safety and handling: NaOH is highly caustic and can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes. It reacts vigorously with acids and with moisture, releasing heat. It should be stored in airtight, corrosion-resistant containers in a cool, dry place, and handled with appropriate personal protective equipment.

Environmental notes: Spills raise pH in water streams and can be harmful to aquatic life; it should be neutralized before disposal where required.