natriumchloraat

Natriumchloraat is the sodium salt of chloric acid with the chemical formula NaClO3. It is a white, crystalline solid that is readily soluble in water. Natriumchloraat is a strong oxidizing agent and can react vigorously with combustible materials.

The compound is produced industrially by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution. The process involves passing an electric current through a hot, concentrated solution of sodium chloride. At the anode, chloride ions are oxidized to chlorine, which then reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid. This hypochlorous acid is further oxidized to chloric acid, which then reacts with sodium hydroxide to form natriumchloraat.

Natriumchloraat has several industrial applications. It is used in the production of other chemicals, such as potassium chlorate and magnesium chlorate. It is also used as a herbicide, particularly for controlling weeds in non-crop areas like railway lines and industrial sites. Historically, it was used in the production of matches and fireworks, but these uses have largely been replaced due to safety concerns.

Due to its strong oxidizing properties, natriumchloraat must be handled with care. It is incompatible with many organic and combustible materials and can pose a fire or explosion hazard if mixed with them. Ingestion of natriumchloraat can be toxic, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Exposure to the skin or eyes can cause irritation.