nasofaryngoskopi

Nasofaryngoskopi, also known as nasofibroscopy, is a diagnostic procedure that allows direct visualization of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and upper pharyngeal structures. Using a flexible fiberoptic or rigid nasopharyngoscope, a clinician inserts the scope through the nostril, often with a topical anesthetic spray, and captures images or video of the mucosa, septum, tonsillar pillars, and the base of the tongue.

The examination is indicated for patients with chronic rhinitis, unexplained headaches, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, epistaxis, or suspected neoplastic lesions in the posterior nasopharynx. It is also employed preoperatively to assess the extent of nasopharyngeal tumors or to aid in the placement of nasogastric tubes. Because the technique provides real‑time visualization, it is valuable for detecting velopharyngeal insufficiency and for guidance during regional anesthesia blocks in the nasopharyngeal region.

The procedure is generally well tolerated. Minor discomfort, transient epistaxis, or a burning sensation may occur, and a small number of patients experience transient vertigo or dizziness. Contraindications include severe septal deviation that precludes scope insertion, untreated severe nasal obstruction, or active severe rhinosinusitis with known infection that could spread.

Nasofaryngoskopi is considered superior to static imaging for evaluating dynamic mucosal movement and secretions, though it lacks the three‑dimensional detail of MRI or CT scans. It complements these imaging modalities rather than replaces them. In clinical practice, the procedure’s safety, portability, and ability to provide immediate assessment make it a cornerstone in otolaryngology, speech pathology, and sleep medicine.